There are two types of cathodic protection: galvanic protection and impressed current cathodic protection.
Cathodic protection is the method of corrosion protection by the application of DC current on the metal thereby making it cathodic. Scientists have employed different methods for corrosion protection such as cathodic protection, anodic protection, barrier protection using coatings, and use of corrosion inhibitors. Since this process causes large economic losses, it is very important to prevent corrosion. The estimated cost of corrosion corresponds to 4.2% of the GDP of the US. Different types of corrosion occur in metals, which are uniform corrosion, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion, etc. The disruption of the physical protective barrier of the metal leads to several chemical reactions which in turn cause a change in the physical properties of the metal that leads to corrosion. Corrosion is the deterioration of metal when subjected to different corrosive environments. The metals are subjected to different pretreatment processes such as acid cleaning, acid descaling, and oil well acidizing which leads to corrosion. Metals have a wide range of applications in industries like refineries, electronic industries automobiles, etc. Such water-based epoxy smart coatings are also discussed. The use of Nano/micro containers for the encapsulation of the inhibitors leads to the discovery of self-healing smart coatings. This review discusses the different types of inhibitors that are incorporated into the epoxy coating to prevent corrosion. This leads to the incorporation of inhibitors into the epoxy coatings which in turn increase the corrosion resistance.
Although the epoxy coating creates a barrier between the metal and the corroding ions, there is a chance of leakage due to mechanical rupture and the formation of micropores during the curing time of the epoxy. A cost-effective and most reliable way of corrosion protection is via barrier coatings, in which water-based epoxy coatings showed significant corrosion resistance. To overcome this, new coatings with characteristic properties which are environmentally friendly are introduced. Corrosion and its protection are one of the major challenges that are faced by the industries.
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